MacGaffey, W. “Religion, Class and Social Pluralism in Zaire.” The Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 24, No.2 (1990), pp.261–2.

Like other post-colonial African societies, Zaire is engaged in the process of transformation from institutional pluralism to institutional homogeneity, stratified into classes. The process of change has been discussed by some scholars from a political perspective (pluralism), and by others, in terms of the articulation of modes of production. There is not necessarily a contradiction between these two points of view, and both need a third, complementary one, that of the concept of ideological articulation. Recent developments in Zaire's religious history are discussed from this perspective, as they relate to both emerging class and institutional change.

(Source: Article abstract translated from French to English with Google translate).