Bond, George Clement. "New Coalitions and traditional chieftainship in Northern Zambia: The Politics of Local government in Uyombe1." Africa, 45,no. 4 (1975): 348-362.

This paper looks at the persistence of traditional leadership as a basis of local government through the process of political change and of maintaining political boundaries between central government and other political units. The study sought to find out how the new form of traditional authority came about as a result of political change that produced a new party-based rural elite in Uyombe, a small chiefdom in the northern province of Zambia. The author argues that Zambia, just like other African countries lacked the financial strength to train personnel for civil service and rural institutions. Rural elites were recruited into the civil service along with educated urban elite. These rural elites, usually from smaller ethnic populations, were strategically given civil service posts which counteracted the regional and ethnic interests of the larger political units. Thus, these rural elites were able to leverage their bargaining power and gain temporary control of local government and transformed it into a more representative and effective unit of administration which was oriented toward rural economic development.

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Elias Bongmba

Professor of Religion/Chair, Religion, Faculty Associate, Wiess College, Rice University

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Book Publishers Association of Zambia

Publishing

Lusaka, Zambia

https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/organisations/book_publishers_association_of_zambia/

Maria Borges

Model, Supreme Agency

Angola

Level of Influence: International

instagram.com/iammariaborges/?hl=en

Botha Martin

Professor, African Cinema, University of Cape Town, South Africa

martin.botha@uct.ac.za

(021) 650 2841

cfms.uct.ac.za/fam/staff/botha

Botha, Martin. South African Cinemas 1896-2010. Bristol: Intellect, 2012.

Taking an inclusive approach to South African film history, this volume represents an ambitious attempt to analyze and place in appropriate sociopolitical context the aesthetic highlights of South African cinema from 1896 to the present. Thoroughly researched and fully documented by renowned film scholar Martin Botha, the book focuses on the many highly creative uses of cinematic form, style, and genre as set against South Africa's complex and often turbulent social and political landscape. Included are more than two hundred illustrations and a look at many aspects of South African film history that haven't been previously documented.

[Source: Google Books].

Alix Boucher

Assistant Research Fellow, Africa Center for Strategic Studies

Sector: Peace Operations, Stability Operations, UN Sanctions, Countering Violent Extremism

Contact: Phone: +1  202-685-7351

Boudreaux, Karol. 2007. "State Power, Entrepreneurship, and Coffee: The Rwandan Experience". Mercatus Policy Series, Policy Comment No. 15, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1026935 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1026935

In the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, Paul Kagame's new government embarked upon a revolutionary restructuring of the economy. It lifted tight government controls on the production, sale, and distribution of a variety of goods, liberalized many sectors of the economy, and gave people the freedom to trade openly. Perhaps the biggest success story of Rwanda's liberalization is the revitalization of the country's coffee sector, particularly the development of a new niche product: specialty coffee. A mainstay of the Rwandan economy since the 1930s when Belgian colonial officials encouraged coffee production, coffee remains a key export crop for Rwandans, generating millions of dollars of export revenue and garnering international attention for the high quality of the local beans. This study highlights two positive results flowing from Rwandan coffee production: Liberalization strategies alleviate poverty and develop human capital. By removing pervasive and oppressive government controls over coffee production and sale, the Rwandan government has created space for smallholder farmers to be entrepreneurial, create new ties with foreign buyers, develop valuable skills, and increase their incomes; Liberalization has had the unanticipated benefit of reconciliation. Liberalization in the coffee sector creates new incentives for smallholder farmers in Rwanda to work together for a common goal: improving their lives through the production of high quality specialty coffee. Working together toward this common goal has helped Rwandans to reconcile with each other in the aftermath of the 1994 genocide.

Economic liberalization has improved the lives of thousands of Rwandans. With increasing income and new opportunities for entrepreneurship, Rwandans are better able to care for themselves and their families. Surprisingly, economic liberalization also seems to be playing a role in reconciliation. These positive outcomes suggest that a focus on economic liberalization in post-conflict environments may pay large dividends in terms of both economic development and peace.

Source: Article's abstract